221 Day AgoProject WD Script

The information regarding the generation effective capacity updated to December 31, 2002 is presented. A detailed description of the effective capacity by generation region, control area, generation type and federal entity is presented. Also graphs are shown with the energy balance of the National Electrical System of Comision Federal de Electricidad and Luz y Fuerza del Centro. [Spanish] Se presenta la informacion relativa a la capacidad efectiva de generacion actualizada al 31 de diciembre de 2002. Se hace una descripcion detallada de la capacidad efectiva por region de generacion, por area de control, por tipo de generacion y por entidad federativa. Tambien se presentan unas graficas con el balance de energia del Sistema Electrico Nacional de la Comision Federal de Electricidad y de Luz y Fuerza del Centro.

In recent years, the Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) has developed important hydroelectrical power projects in Mexico. Most of them are located in the Santiago River Hydrological System in Nayarit, Mexico. A total of 27 projects with a capacity of 4,300 MW are considered but only 32% of them have been carried out. One of the most ambitious projects that continue in process of construction is the Hydroelectrical Plant La Yesca. This project will conclude in late 2012 and consists of two electric generators of 375 MW, 17 kV. It will be second in power and the third in electrical generation at the system. According to national and international standards, a set of static and dynamic tests must be performed in these generators before commissioning, to ensure their proper operation. Winding stator high voltage endurance test, three phase sudden short circuit test and energy efficiency calculation are some of the most important tests to be performed in a new electrical generator. These tests are difficult to perform on-site due to the equipment capacity required, so very few companies in the world can conduct them. In Mexico no one has the necessary infrastructure for testing in high capacity hydroelectric generators such as those from La Yesca, so the Laboratorio de Pruebas a Equipos y Materiales (LAPEM) has invested in projects to improve this project in order to meet the needs of the Mexican electricity sector. This paper is a description of the systems developed for the calculation of electrical parameters and energy efficiency for this class of generators. [Spanish] En los ultimos anos, la Comision Federal de Electricidad (CFE) ha desarrollado importantes proyectos hidroelectricos en Mexico. La mayor parte se ubican en el Sistema Hidrologico del Rio Santiago en Nayarit, Mexico. Se consideran un total de 27 proyectos con capacidad de 4300 MW, pero solo 32 % de ellos se han llevado a cabo. Uno de los proyectos mas ambiciosos que continua en proceso de

In this paper a brief description is made of the behavior of the electric contacts and the elements that affect in the heat release during its operation. The mathematical expressions describing this phenomenon are presented. The losses that can be produced at the contacts are evaluated and the graphs, where the behavior of these different operating conditions can be seen, are included. [Espanol] En este articulo se hace una breve descripcion del comportamiento de los contactos electricos y de los elementos que influyen en la generacion de calor durante su operacion. Se presentan las expresiones con las que se describe matematicamente este fenomeno. Se evaluan las perdidas que pueden llegar a tenerse en los contactos y se incluyen graficas donde puede verse el comportamiento de estos en diferentes condiciones de operacion.

Since 1995, a hybrid system wind - PV is in service in Polanco, Uruguay. A brief description of this system and the criteria employed in its design are outlined. The experience obtained during two years operation are described from the points of view of the equipment reliability and of the electrical service provided. Future prospects of this kind of installations in Uruguay as part of the rural electrification policy are presented. [Espanol] Desde 1995 esta en servicio en Polanco, Uruguay un sistema hibrido viento-fotovoltaico. Aqui se describe brevemente este sistema y el criterio empleado en su diseno. Se describe la experiencia obtenida durante dos anos de operacion desde el punto de vista de confiabilidad de los equipos y del servicio electrico proporcionado. Se presentan prospectos futuros de esta clase de instalaciones en Uruguay, como parte de la politica de electrificacion rural.

The purpose of this paper is to present a summarized version of the different types of construction of grounding systems, as web as their materials and formulas, which are necessary and useful for the design and building of a grounding network for medium to high voltage facilities. A description is also made of how to determine the electrical resistivity of subsoil layers with different physical characteristics. Several illustrative examples are also solved in the paper. [Spanish] El proposito de este articulo es presentar de manera resumida los diferentes tipos de construccion de los sistemas de tierra, asi como sus materiales y formulas, los cuales son necesarios y utiles para el diseno y edificacion de una red de tierra para instalaciones de mediana y alta tension. Se describe tambien la obtencion de las diferentes resistividades que presentan los terrenos con diversas caracteristicas fisicas. Asi mismo, se solucionan ejercicios ilustrativos a lo largo del articulo.

A description is made of an energy evaluation study on electric domestic refrigerators carried out by the Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE), in its strategy for diminishing the energy consumption through the design enhancement, the manufacture, the operation and the standardization of the electric appliances. In order to initiate the evaluation-standardization process, the Mexican (NOM), the American (ANSI/AHAM) and the Canadian (CAN/CSA) standards were taken as a base to harmonize the procedures and the parameters of the tests. The energy assessment demonstrated that there are significant differences among the standards encompassed by the study, therefore, recommendations were made for the harmonization of the standards. [Espanol] Se describe un estudio de evaluacion energetica sobre refrigeradores electrodomesticos realizado en el Instituto de Investigaciones Electricas (IIE) dentro de la estrategia para disminuir los consumos de energia a traves de mejoras en el diseno, la manufactura, la operacion y la normalizacion de equipos electricos. Se tomo como base las normas mexicanas (NOM), americana (ANSI/AHAM) y canadiense (CAN/CSA) para iniciar el proceso de evaluacion-normalizacion a fin de armonizar los procedimientos y parametros de las pruebas. La evaluacion energetica demostro que existen diferencias significativas entre las normas que abarco el estudio por lo que se presentan recomendaciones para la armonizacion de las normas. 781b155fdc